EU ETS — Sector profile
Refineries
EU ETS verified emissions, free allocations, and compliance position for the Refineries sector. Covers 22 countries from 2005 to 2025.
22 countries · Activity codes: 21 · 2005–2025 · Source: EEA
Verified 2025
103.12M
tCO₂e across all ETS countries
Allocated 2025
73.26M
total allowances allocated
Net position 2025
+29.87M
sector net buyer
Country breakdown — 2025
| Country | Verified (tCO₂e) | Allocated | Gap |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE | 19.71M | 13.73M | +5.98M |
| ES | 12.84M | 9.73M | +3.11M |
| NL | 10.39M | 8.07M | +2.33M |
| PL | 9.69M | 4.60M | +5.08M |
| IT | 9.63M | 7.25M | +2.38M |
| FR | 7.74M | 4.98M | +2.76M |
| GR | 5.76M | 3.94M | +1.82M |
| BE | 5.51M | 4.09M | +1.43M |
| AT | 2.65M | 1.68M | +963.9k |
| SE | 2.53M | 2.28M | +245.9k |
| FI | 2.45M | 2.09M | +361.1k |
| PT | 2.20M | 1.51M | +695.5k |
| EE | 1.70M | 1.84M | -139.0k |
| LT | 1.69M | 1.23M | +462.0k |
| RO | 1.62M | 1.13M | +489.7k |
| NO | 1.49M | 1.01M | +475.1k |
| BG | 1.39M | 1.12M | +269.1k |
| SK | 1.09M | 975.7k | +113.4k |
| DK | 929.3k | 722.1k | +207.3k |
| CZ | 925.1k | 706.7k | +218.4k |
| HR | 915.8k | 411.1k | +504.7k |
| IE | 291.9k | 168.0k | +123.8k |
Year-on-year trend
Peak verified emissions: 135.43M tCO₂e in 2008
| Year | Verified (tCO₂e) | Allocated | Gap |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 103.12M | 73.26M | +29.87M |
| 2024 | 104.39M | 73.61M | +30.78M |
| 2023 | 104.59M | 73.54M | +31.06M |
| 2022 | 108.46M | 72.41M | +36.04M |
| 2021 | 101.23M | 75.34M | +25.89M |
| 2020 | 107.53M | 88.59M | +18.93M |
| 2019 | 116.96M | 90.04M | +26.92M |
| 2018 | 118.19M | 92.55M | +25.64M |
| 2017 | 120.09M | 93.94M | +26.15M |
| 2016 | 120.95M | 95.27M | +25.68M |
| 2015 | 121.21M | 97.10M | +24.10M |
| 2014 | 119.10M | 100.50M | +18.61M |
| 2013 | 122.24M | 102.55M | +19.70M |
| 2012 | 118.31M | 143.74M | -25.43M |
| 2011 | 123.72M | 140.76M | -17.03M |
| 2010 | 123.61M | 141.04M | -17.43M |
| 2009 | 126.58M | 137.18M | -10.60M |
| 2008 | 135.43M | 136.73M | -1.30M |
| 2007 | 135.36M | 141.68M | -6.32M |
| 2006 | 130.78M | 139.20M | -8.42M |
| 2005 | 131.92M | 140.02M | -8.10M |
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