EU ETS — Sector profile

Refineries

EU ETS verified emissions, free allocations, and compliance position for the Refineries sector. Covers 22 countries from 2005 to 2025.

22 countries · Activity codes: 21 · 2005–2025 · Source: EEA

Verified 2025

103.12M

tCO₂e across all ETS countries

Allocated 2025

73.26M

total allowances allocated

Net position 2025

+29.87M

sector net buyer

Country breakdown — 2025

CountryVerified (tCO₂e)AllocatedGap
DE19.71M13.73M+5.98M
ES12.84M9.73M+3.11M
NL10.39M8.07M+2.33M
PL9.69M4.60M+5.08M
IT9.63M7.25M+2.38M
FR7.74M4.98M+2.76M
GR5.76M3.94M+1.82M
BE5.51M4.09M+1.43M
AT2.65M1.68M+963.9k
SE2.53M2.28M+245.9k
FI2.45M2.09M+361.1k
PT2.20M1.51M+695.5k
EE1.70M1.84M-139.0k
LT1.69M1.23M+462.0k
RO1.62M1.13M+489.7k
NO1.49M1.01M+475.1k
BG1.39M1.12M+269.1k
SK1.09M975.7k+113.4k
DK929.3k722.1k+207.3k
CZ925.1k706.7k+218.4k
HR915.8k411.1k+504.7k
IE291.9k168.0k+123.8k

Year-on-year trend

Peak verified emissions: 135.43M tCO₂e in 2008

YearVerified (tCO₂e)AllocatedGap
2025103.12M73.26M+29.87M
2024104.39M73.61M+30.78M
2023104.59M73.54M+31.06M
2022108.46M72.41M+36.04M
2021101.23M75.34M+25.89M
2020107.53M88.59M+18.93M
2019116.96M90.04M+26.92M
2018118.19M92.55M+25.64M
2017120.09M93.94M+26.15M
2016120.95M95.27M+25.68M
2015121.21M97.10M+24.10M
2014119.10M100.50M+18.61M
2013122.24M102.55M+19.70M
2012118.31M143.74M-25.43M
2011123.72M140.76M-17.03M
2010123.61M141.04M-17.43M
2009126.58M137.18M-10.60M
2008135.43M136.73M-1.30M
2007135.36M141.68M-6.32M
2006130.78M139.20M-8.42M
2005131.92M140.02M-8.10M

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