EU ETS · ES · Refineries
ES — Refineries
EU ETS verified emissions, free allocations, and compliance position for ES in the Refineries sector, 2005–2025.
Activity codes: 21 · Source: EEA
Verified 2025
12.84M
tCO₂e
Allocated 2025
9.73M
total allowances
Compliance gap 2025
+3.11M
net buyer
All metrics — 2025
| Metric | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| 2. Verified emissions | 12.84M | tonne of CO2 equ. |
| 1. Total allocated allowances (EUA or EUAA) | 9.73M | units |
| 1.1 Freely allocated allowances | 9.73M | units |
| 4. Total surrendered units | 82.1k | units |
| 1.1.1 Free allocation to existing entities (Art. 10a(1)) | 9.73M | units |
| 2.1 EU-ETS Verified Emission | 12.84M | tonne of CO2 equ. |
| 2.1b EU-ETS Verified Emissions (expected, gap-filled for latest year) | 12.84M | tonne of CO2 equ. |
| 4.1 Surrendered EU allowances (EUAs and EUAAs) | 82.1k | units |
Year-on-year trend
Peak verified emissions: 14.84M tCO₂e in 2006
| Year | Verified (tCO₂e) | Allocated | Gap |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 12.84M | 9.73M | +3.11M |
| 2024 | 13.06M | 9.78M | +3.28M |
| 2023 | 12.76M | 9.79M | +2.98M |
| 2022 | 13.58M | 9.47M | +4.11M |
| 2021 | 12.77M | 9.76M | +3.01M |
| 2020 | 12.54M | 10.30M | +2.24M |
| 2019 | 13.69M | 10.52M | +3.18M |
| 2018 | 14.20M | 10.59M | +3.61M |
| 2017 | 14.00M | 10.72M | +3.29M |
| 2016 | 14.29M | 10.77M | +3.52M |
| 2015 | 14.35M | 11.21M | +3.15M |
| 2014 | 14.09M | 11.68M | +2.41M |
| 2013 | 14.24M | 11.77M | +2.47M |
| 2012 | 14.39M | 19.75M | -5.36M |
| 2011 | 13.37M | 17.46M | -4.09M |
| 2010 | 12.57M | 16.82M | -4.25M |
| 2009 | 13.04M | 15.40M | -2.36M |
| 2008 | 13.93M | 15.13M | -1.20M |
| 2007 | 14.47M | 14.59M | -122.9k |
| 2006 | 14.84M | 14.59M | +248.8k |
| 2005 | 14.79M | 14.59M | +199.0k |
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