EU ETS — Country profile

ES — EU ETS Emissions

Verified emissions, free allocations, and compliance position for ES under the EU Emissions Trading System. Data covers 13 sectors from 2005 to 2025.

13 sectors · 2005–2025 · Source: EEA

Verified 2025

99.01M

tCO₂e across all sectors

Allocated 2025

44.04M

total allowances allocated

Net position 2025

+54.96M

net buyer

Sector breakdown — 2025

SectorVerified (tCO₂e)AllocatedGap
Combustion42.98M3.96M+39.02M
Cement and lime12.92M13.60M-681.1k
Refineries12.84M9.73M+3.11M
Aviation11.35M0+11.35M
Iron and steel6.21M6.51M-300.1k
Chemicals4.59M4.38M+210.8k
Glass and ceramics3.97M2.77M+1.20M
Pulp and paper2.33M1.50M+832.2k
Hydrogen781.2k561.3k+219.9k
Aluminium522.5k309.8k+212.7k
Non-ferrous metals397.7k610.6k-213.0k
Metal ore78.9k66.5k+12.4k
Coke ovens32.9k38.5k-5.6k

Year-on-year trend

Peak verified emissions: 186.57M tCO₂e in 2007

YearVerified (tCO₂e)AllocatedGap
202599.01M44.04M+54.96M
202499.28M46.75M+52.53M
202389.02M50.53M+38.50M
2022103.26M49.03M+54.23M
202195.02M49.21M+45.81M
202092.46M62.71M+29.75M
2019121.48M63.23M+58.26M
2018138.13M61.51M+76.62M
2017143.10M62.83M+80.27M
2016129.95M63.67M+66.29M
2015143.04M65.61M+77.42M
2014130.08M65.24M+64.84M
2013127.55M70.25M+57.30M
2012143.37M160.77M-17.40M
2011132.69M151.45M-18.76M
2010121.48M150.96M-29.48M
2009136.94M150.76M-13.83M
2008163.46M153.89M+9.57M
2007186.57M159.74M+26.83M
2006179.72M166.21M+13.52M
2005183.63M172.16M+11.47M
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