EU ETS — Sector profile
Iron and steel
EU ETS verified emissions, free allocations, and compliance position for the Iron and steel sector. Covers 22 countries from 2005 to 2025.
22 countries · Activity codes: 24, 25 · 2005–2025 · Source: EEA
Verified 2025
97.32M
tCO₂e across all ETS countries
Allocated 2025
123.08M
total allowances allocated
Net position 2025
-25.76M
sector net seller
Country breakdown — 2025
| Country | Verified (tCO₂e) | Allocated | Gap |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE | 26.80M | 44.20M | -17.39M |
| AT | 11.99M | 9.20M | +2.79M |
| FR | 10.57M | 11.43M | -859.9k |
| IT | 7.01M | 7.10M | -88.9k |
| ES | 6.21M | 6.51M | -300.1k |
| NL | 5.69M | 8.30M | -2.61M |
| BE | 5.43M | 8.05M | -2.62M |
| SE | 4.90M | 4.68M | +222.4k |
| FI | 4.57M | 4.12M | +455.9k |
| SK | 4.53M | 6.18M | -1.64M |
| PL | 3.20M | 5.43M | -2.23M |
| CZ | 2.62M | 3.42M | -800.7k |
| NO | 2.24M | 1.90M | +341.7k |
| IS | 333.8k | 383.6k | -49.8k |
| LU | 304.8k | 260.8k | +44.0k |
| RO | 280.9k | 1.08M | -795.1k |
| SI | 184.1k | 152.4k | +31.7k |
| PT | 139.3k | 114.8k | +24.5k |
| GR | 133.1k | 266.9k | -133.8k |
| BG | 121.1k | 97.0k | +24.1k |
| HU | 41.6k | 193.4k | -151.8k |
| HR | 67 | 14.6k | -14.6k |
Year-on-year trend
Peak verified emissions: 160.84M tCO₂e in 2008
| Year | Verified (tCO₂e) | Allocated | Gap |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 97.32M | 123.08M | -25.76M |
| 2024 | 101.93M | 126.58M | -24.65M |
| 2023 | 103.12M | 141.48M | -38.36M |
| 2022 | 112.33M | 140.43M | -28.10M |
| 2021 | 123.76M | 139.90M | -16.15M |
| 2020 | 115.54M | 156.58M | -41.04M |
| 2019 | 131.17M | 160.31M | -29.13M |
| 2018 | 135.61M | 161.19M | -25.58M |
| 2017 | 138.24M | 168.08M | -29.84M |
| 2016 | 138.13M | 172.22M | -34.10M |
| 2015 | 143.34M | 177.05M | -33.71M |
| 2014 | 145.15M | 182.05M | -36.90M |
| 2013 | 143.41M | 186.31M | -42.90M |
| 2012 | 127.88M | 220.87M | -92.99M |
| 2011 | 131.77M | 220.77M | -89.00M |
| 2010 | 133.44M | 221.91M | -88.48M |
| 2009 | 112.86M | 221.76M | -108.90M |
| 2008 | 160.84M | 221.66M | -60.83M |
| 2007 | 159.71M | 184.88M | -25.16M |
| 2006 | 148.84M | 172.90M | -24.07M |
| 2005 | 144.43M | 173.38M | -28.96M |
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